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· [置顶] 龋洞分类 - G.V.Black Cavity classification 分类
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G.V.Black分类
考题:
哪些洞型可以出现在任何牙上?
答案: Class I, Class V & Class VI 一类, 五类和六类洞
Cavity classification standardized methods of recording the need for restoration exist to facilitate communication among clinicians, researchers, and dental educators. The most commonly accepted means of classifying cavities is by the names of the surfaces involved. Cavity type is classified further based on the type of treatment and anatomical area involved. This classification, developed by Dr. G. V. Black in 1908, is designated by Roman numerals as Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV, Class V, and Class VI (this is the only category that has been added to his original classification system). Note: It is important to remember that the classification relates to location and not size of the cavity.
# Class I cavities -> involve the pits and fissures, while all other classifications involve smooth surfaces
of the teeth.
# Class II cavities -> involve the proximal surfaces and occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars.
# Class III cavities -> involve the proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that do not involve the
incisal angle.
# Class IV cavities -> are located on the proximal surface of incisors and canines and do involve
the incisal angle.
# Class V cavities -> are on the facial or lingual surface of ail teeth and do not involve a pit or fissure.
# Class VI cavities -> are on the incisal edges of anterior teeth or on the occlusal cusp heights of
posterior teeth.
** Remember: The best method for definitive detection of incipient carious lesions on the interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth (distal surface of canines through molars) is by bite-wing radiographs.
I 类洞:为发生于所有牙齿的发育窝、沟内的龋损所制备的洞形。包括磨牙[牙合]面窝沟洞,磨牙颊(舌)面的颊(舌)沟洞,前磨牙的[牙合]面窝沟洞,上前牙的腭面窝洞。
II 类洞:为发生于后牙邻面的龋损所制备的洞形。包括前磨牙的邻面洞、邻[牙合]面洞和邻颊(舌)面洞,磨牙的邻[牙合]面洞和邻颊(舌)面洞及邻面洞。
III类洞:为发生于前牙邻面未损及切角的龋损所制备的洞形。包括切牙、尖牙的邻面洞、邻腭(舌)面洞、邻唇面洞。
IV类洞:为发生于前牙邻面并损及切角的龋损所制备的洞形。包括切牙、尖牙的邻唇腭(舌)面洞,目前含义延伸及牙外伤引起切角缺损的洞。
V类洞:为发生与所有牙齿的颊(唇)、舌(腭)面近龈1/3牙面的龋损所制备的洞形。包括前牙、前磨牙、磨牙在颊或舌面的近龈1/3洞。
窝洞定义、结构、各部名称、代表符号
(1)窝洞定义:牙齿龋洞去净龋坏组织,经手术制备的具有特定形状的洞。要求填入充填材料后,充填材料及牙齿均能承担正常咀嚼
压力,不折断、不脱落。
(2)窝洞结构:窝洞由洞壁、洞角及洞缘角构成。
1)洞壁:组成窝洞的内面统称为壁。按其所在牙面部位命名如近中壁、远中壁、颊壁、舌壁、龈壁、髓壁、轴壁等。
2)洞角:两个洞壁相交构成的角称为线角(Line angles),三个洞壁相交形成的角称为点角(Point angles)。线角及点角的命名
均以构成他们的各洞壁名称联合命名,如颊轴线角、轴髓线角、颊龈轴点角、舌龈轴点角等。
3)洞缘角(Cavosurface Margin):洞侧壁与牙齿表面的相交线称为洞缘角,也称为洞面角。
(3)窝洞的名称及符号
1)窝洞的名称:可根据窝洞所在的牙面命名,如牙合面洞、近中洞、近中牙合面洞等;也可以窝洞所包括牙面数命名,如单面
洞、复面洞等。
2)窝洞的符号:以所在牙面英文名称的第一个字母或前两个字母作为符号,具体如下:
切端为I(incisive S.)颊侧为B(buccal S.)
舌侧为L(lingual S.)牙合面为O(occlusal S.)
唇侧为La(labial S.)近中面为M(medial S.),远中面为D(distal S.)等。
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